Volume Six - Pre-Victorian to the Present Day - Select Aspects - Mechanical appliances used in the shipping of coal at Penarth Docks - 1906 . . .

The arrangement of bringing the wagons to the tips is the same as that used on tips No's. 15 to 18, Plates 48 to 51. They can be tipped from any height between 3 and 45 feet above the quay-level or 57 feet above water-level. Two rams, 10 inches diameter and 15 feet stroke, are provided for moving the traversers; the rams are placed one at each end of the track along which the traversers work. Two chains connect the ram-heads ; the chains run under the traversers and pass through chain-grips fast to the underside of them. The arrangement of the levers for working the rams is similar to that employed on the rams for moving the tip, which enables the operator to be near the traversers when they are being moved.

	Anti-Breakage Coal-Boxes - The box used at Penarth is one invented by Mr. S. Thomas, Fig. 13 (left). A trip-wire is made fast to one side of the box and to the jib of the crane. When the box is lowered into the hold of the ship and the wire becomes tight, the box opens and allows the coal to drop out. As the box is raised and the wire becomes slack the box closes automatically, and remains closed when the coal is tipped into it. It will be seen that the coal can be boxed at a high speed, no time is lost in closing or fastening the box in any way.
	High-pressure Valves - The valves used at Penarth are those invented by Mr. T. Hurry Riches and Mr. H. F. Golding. They are equilibrium valves and of very simple construction, Fig. 14 (left).